LEE VINING, Calif. — Hundreds of birds fill the air over Mono Lake, banking and swooping in a swirling murmuration that resembles an aerial faculty of fish. As they sweep previous, their beating wings whoosh in unison.
This small species, the Wilson’s phalarope, arrives from the north in massive numbers every summer time to feed on the saline lake, getting ready for an extended journey to South America.
After spending July gorging on the larvae of alkali flies, the birds are step by step departing this month to start their migration to a different saline lake about 6,000 miles away — Laguna Mar Chiquita in Argentina.
Partly due to their exceptional transcontinental voyage between salt lakes, the grayish birds have impressed an in depth partnership between communities in California and Argentina.
Conversations that started amongst biologists engaged on fowl counts have grown into flourishing bonds amongst residents, educators and college students who see the birds as a swish image of their sister lakes.
Teams of highschool college students have traveled from the city of Lee Vining, which overlooks Mono Lake, to the large lake surrounded by farmlands in Argentina. Argentine college students have come to California to see the birds and discover their habitat on the base of the Sierra Nevada.
In honor of the Wilson’s phalarope, or falaropo tricolor in Spanish, an artist painted matching murals beside the 2 lakes. A Mono Lake environmental group printed phalarope T-shirts. And lovers even organized a phalarope competition, the place guitar-strumming musicians sang a music in English and Spanish celebrating the far-traveling species.
“The bird is what brought us together,” mentioned Yessenia Martínez, a 20-year-old graduate of Lee Vining Excessive Faculty who visited Argentina final summer time with 5 different college students within the alternate program, supported by conservation teams.
Yessenia Martínez has been concerned with Expertise Ambientalia, an academic alternate program through which college students from Mono Lake have traveled to Laguna Mar Chiquita in Argentina.
Martínez mentioned she loved attempting Argentine specialties together with empanadas and yerba mate and likewise got here away with a deep fascination for Wilson’s phalaropes.
The phalaropes, a member of the sandpiper household named after ornithologist Alexander Wilson, spend a lot of their lives foraging at a community of saline lakes throughout the Americas which can be more and more threatened by water use and worsening drought intensified by local weather change.
Martínez, now a sophomore at Cal State Lengthy Seaside, mentioned studying in regards to the phalaropes prompted her to vary her main from inside design to zoology.
“I want to come back and be able to research this specific bird,” she mentioned. “That’s my main goal, to be able to do that and take care of it here in my town, in my home.”
Nora Livingston and Ryan Carle of Oikonos Ecosystem Information scan a 400-meter radius part whereas counting Wilson’s phalaropes at Mono Lake.
Standing on the shore of Mono Lake, Ryan Carle targeted his binoculars on phalaropes floating on the water. Many have been immobile, whereas others perched on rocks preening their feathers.
“It looks like the siesta time of day,” mentioned Carle, science director of the nonprofit Oikonos Ecosystem Information.
Carle, an ornithologist who grew up in Lee Vining, first acquired to know the lake’s birds by way of his mother and father, who have been rangers on the Mono Lake Tufa State Pure Reserve.
Within the final a number of years, he and different scientists have been monitoring the phalaropes throughout the hemisphere.
Wilson’s phalaropes feed and fatten up at Mono Lake earlier than their migration to South America.
He has noticed them nesting on prairies in Canada, listening to their muffled honks. And he has seen them descend on Mono Lake when the water is teeming with brine shrimp and the larvae and pupae of alkali flies.
To feed, every fowl spins on the floor, kicking water outward to create a whirling upwelling that brings morsels to its needle-like invoice.
“They’re just a magical bird,” Carle mentioned. “They have a lot of personality.”
Their distinctive circling impressed a T-shirt design with a phalarope atop a vinyl report participant and the phrases “Mono Lake, you spin me round!”
They eat a lot on the lake that they double their physique weight, changing into so chunky that generally they wrestle to take off, Carle mentioned. They are going to want this fats as gasoline for flight.
Females additionally shed the peach and black neck feathers that appeal to mates, changing into fully grey and white.
Ryan Carle makes use of an antenna to select up alerts from tagged Wilson’s phalaropes at Mono Lake.
Carle estimated the variety of Wilson’s phalaropes at Mono Lake peaked at 18,000 this summer time — a comparatively good quantity for latest years, however far fewer than many years in the past.
The inhabitants has declined because the Eighties, and Carle worries that their saline lakes are more and more “on life support” and weak to crashing.
Utah’s Nice Salt, one other important stopover, declined in 2022 to its lowest stage on report, making the water saltier and tougher for brine shrimp and flies to breed. The lake later rose after a heavy snowpack however is now declining once more.
Oregon’s Lake Abert has repeatedly dried up, and biologists have discovered that when it’s desiccated, extra phalaropes fly farther south to Mono Lake.
A paraglider flies over a flock of Wilson’s phalaropes at Mono Lake.
Mono Lake additionally faces potential threats. Over many years, Los Angeles’ reliance on water from close by creeks lowered the lake stage and left uncovered its craggy tufa towers, formations of calcium carbonate that grew underwater round springs. Although the lake has risen since 1994, when state regulators ordered L.A. to take much less water, Carle mentioned the decrease the lake, the much less fly habitat there’s, that means much less meals for phalaropes, so town might actually assist the birds by leaving extra water for the lake.
“They can’t survive without this habitat,” Carle mentioned. “The birds are telling us we need to think of these lakes as a network when we work on conservation.”
He helped draft a 2024 petition urging the federal authorities to declare the Wilson’s phalarope a threatened species underneath the Endangered Species Act.
As a result of their habitats are in bother, he mentioned, the birds are like “the polar bears of salt lakes.”
Nora Livingston, on dock, helps Ryan Carle launch a ship earlier than dawn to rely Wilson’s phalaropes at Mono Lake.
This summer time, Carle has continued his analysis at evening, setting out in a motorboat on Mono Lake to catch phalaropes. He and his colleagues use a web to scoop every one out of the water. They glue tiny radio transmitters to their backs and launch them.
During the last week, they’ve tracked the birds on a digital map crossing Mexico, headed for Andean lagoons in Ecuador and Bolivia.
In September, flocks of phalaropes will arrive in Argentina’s plains and collect at Laguna Mar Chiquita, the biggest saline lake within the hemisphere, the place they may congregate alongside pink flamingos.
Wilson’s phalaropes take flight on the shore of Mono Lake.
(Ian James / Los Angeles Instances)
Carle’s colleagues have additionally been tagging the shorebirds in Argentina and Canada. They started collaborating extra intently in 2019, when Carle and fellow ornithologist Margaret Rubega invited researchers from throughout the hemisphere to fulfill at Mono Lake and launched the Worldwide Phalarope Working Group.
Since then, the rising ties amongst researchers have catalyzed extra connections.
In 2022, Carle and conservationists from the nonprofit Mono Lake Committee traveled to Argentina to have fun a brand new nationwide park at Laguna Mar Chiquita and the dedication of a mural by Argentine artist Franco “Vato” Cervato Cozza depicting a phalarope with a map of its migratory route.
The next yr, Cervato was invited to Mono Lake and painted related murals in Lee Vining.
Then the group held its first Phalarope Pageant, an occasion that includes talks by scientists and a phalarope costume contest.
Carle wrote a music titled “Me Llaman Falaropo” (to the tune of Manu Chao’s “Me Llaman Calle”) and took the stage to sing alongside an Argentine scientist, strumming a guitar.
I name the saline lakes my homeFrom California to ArgentinaBolivia to SaskatchewanAlways looking out, at all times swimming, within the shallow waters spinningI fill my stomach stuffed with brine flies … I do know sooner or later we’ll defend all of the locations I name residence
A pair of Wilson’s phalaropes fly at Mono Lake. The birds cease throughout their migration to feed on alkali flies.
In Argentina, efforts to check the birds and defend their habitats are led by two sisters, biologist Marcela Castellino and educator Marina Castellino.
The latter runs a youth program known as Expertise Ambientalia that brings native college students to find out about Laguna Mar Chiquita and highlights the worldwide connections amongst sister lakes.
Speaking on-line with leaders of the Mono Lake Committee, Castellino mentioned she found that they had the identical purpose of “connecting saline lakes to protect the ecosystems that the phalaropes need.”
When she had the chance to journey to a Mono Lake birding competition in 2022, the thought of increasing this system started to take form.
Later that yr, Santiago Escruceria, who runs the committee’s schooling program at Mono Lake, spoke to college students in Argentina, emphasizing that “this little bird depends on us, in a way, for their survival, by us humans understanding the value of the habitats.”
Castellino mentioned the keenness she discovered at Mono Lake turned the platform to construct the alternate program.
“It just needed a push, and I’m pushy enough to say, ‘OK, let’s do this program in both ends of the hemisphere,’” she mentioned.
In 2024, the primary group of 5 Argentine college students traveled to Lee Vining, the place they and native college students watched phalaropes alongside the shore, toured creeks and paddled canoes. They tried American sizzling canines and spicy Mexican meals, confirmed off their dance strikes and camped out in tents.
Argentine scholar Martina Blangetti later wrote that the expertise “showed me that we young people are capable of changing the world and saving our saline lakes.”
In Argentina, California college students noticed flocks of flamingos and realized that the lake — the place Wilson’s phalaropes quickly would arrive — is being polluted with sewage and plastic trash.
At each lakes, college students who’ve gone by way of this system have develop into interns and volunteers. Some say they need to be park rangers. And a few, like Martínez, are inquisitive about changing into biologists.
Marina Castellino mentioned these ties and friendships exist because of the phalaropes, which she sees as “ambassadors” for saline lakes.
“This small gray bird is mobilizing communities in a way I have never seen,” she mentioned, and it has develop into “this beautiful motivation to protect our lakes.”
Despite the fact that salt lakes are shrinking, she mentioned she now feels hopeful every time she sees the phalaropes bobbing on the water.
She is organizing one other competition in Argentina in December, when the phalaropes might be hovering over the lake by the 1000’s. And as soon as once more, she and others plan to sing the music in honor of the birds, celebrating their return.
