Christopher Boyce and Andrew Daulton Lee have been childhood buddies, altar boys raised within the Catholic pews and affluent suburbs of the Palos Verdes Peninsula.
By the mid-Nineteen Seventies, Boyce was indignant in regards to the Vietnam Battle and Watergate. He was a liberal, a stoner and a lover of falcons. Lee, a health care provider’s adopted son, was a cocaine and heroin pusher who was spiraling into habit.
How they turned spies for the Soviet Union is a narrative emblematic of Nineteen Seventies Southern California, the place the state’s huge Chilly Battle aerospace trade collided with its youthful anti-establishment currents.
Everybody agrees it ought to by no means have been attainable.
In the summertime of 1974, Boyce, a vivid however disaffected 21-year-old faculty dropout, obtained a job as a clerk on the TRW Protection and Area Methods advanced in Redondo Seashore. He gained entree by the old-boys community: His father, who ran safety for an plane contractor and was as soon as an FBI agent, had known as in a favor.
On this sequence, Christopher Goffard revisits outdated crimes in Los Angeles and past, from the well-known to the forgotten, the consequential to the obscure, diving into archives and the recollections of those that have been there.
Boyce made $140 every week on the protection plant and held down a second job tending bar. TRW investigators had carried out solely a perfunctory background examine. They skipped his friends, who may need revealed his hyperlinks to the drug tradition and to Lee, who already had a number of drug busts and a severe cocaine behavior — the white powder that may encourage his nickname.
In “The Falcon and the Snowman,” Robert Lindsey’s account of the case, the creator describes Boyce starting the day by popping amphetamines and winding down after a shift puffing a joint within the TRW parking zone. Falconry was his largest ardour. “Flying a falcon in exactly the same way that men had done centuries before Christ transplanted Chris into their time,” Lindsey wrote.
Boyce impressed his bosses and was quickly cleared to enter the steel-doored fortress known as the “black vault,” a categorised sanctum the place he was uncovered to delicate CIA communications pertaining to America’s community of espionage satellites. The satellites eavesdropped on Russian missiles and protection installations. Among the many objectives was to thwart a shock nuclear assault.
Studying CIA communiques, Boyce didn’t like what he noticed. Amongst its different sins, he determined, the U.S. authorities was deceiving its Australian allies by hiding satellite tv for pc intelligence it had promised to share and meddling within the nation’s elections.
“I just was in total disagreement with the whole direction of Western society,” Boyce informed The Instances a few years later. He attributed his espionage alternative to “synchronicity,” explaining: “How many kids can get a summer job working in an encrypted communications vault?”
Quickly he made his life’s “biggest, dumbest decision.” He informed his buddy Lee they may promote authorities secrets and techniques to the Soviets. Lee talked his method into the Soviet Embassy in Mexico Metropolis, the place Russians fed him caviar and acquired categorised paperwork with the toast, “To peace.”
Lee’s KGB handlers devised protocols. When he needed to satisfy, he would tape an X to lampposts at designated intersections round Mexico Metropolis.
For greater than a 12 months, 1000’s of categorised paperwork flowed from the TRW advanced to the Soviets, with Boyce typically smuggling them out in potted crops. In trade, he and Lee obtained an estimated $70,000.
At events, Lee confirmed off his miniature Minox digicam and bragged that he was engaged in spycraft. In January 1977, determined for cash to finance a heroin deal, he flouted KGB directions and appeared unannounced outdoors the Soviet Embassy. Mexican police thought he appeared suspicious and arrested him.
He held an envelope with filmstrips documenting a U.S. satellite tv for pc challenge known as Pyramider. Beneath questioning, Lee revealed the title of his co-conspirator and childhood good friend, who quickly was additionally underneath arrest. Boyce had simply returned from a hawk-trapping journey within the mountains.
The espionage trials of the 2 males introduced particular challenges for the U.S. legal professional’s workplace in Los Angeles. The Carter administration was prepared to drag the plug on the case if it meant airing too many secrets and techniques, however a technique was devised: Prosecutors would give attention to the Pyramider paperwork, which concerned a system that by no means really obtained off the bottom.
Joel Levine, one of many assistant U.S. attorneys who prosecuted Boyce and Lee, mentioned solely a fraction of what they offered to the Soviets ever got here out at trial.
“I was told these other projects should not be revealed. It’s too costly to our government, and you can’t base a prosecution on them either in whole or in part,” Levine mentioned in a current interview. “You just gotta stay away from it.”
For federal prosecutors in L.A., hanging over the case was the reminiscence of a current humiliation: the collapse of the Pentagon Papers trial, on account of the Nixon administration’s try and bribe the presiding choose with a job. It had caught prosecutors unexpectedly.
“We were afraid it would ruin our reputation forever if something like that were to happen,” Levine mentioned. “So we made it very, very clear right from the get-go that if we smelled something like that was afoot, we would walk into court and have the case dismissed on our own.”
The defendants had sharply completely different motives. Lee was in it for the cash, Richard Stilz, one of many prosecutors, mentioned in a current interview. However “Boyce was totally ideology. He wanted to damage the United States government,” Stilz mentioned. “He just hated this country, period.”
The defendants obtained separate trials. A rift that had been rising between them deepened with their mutually hostile defenses. Lee’s protection: Boyce had led him to consider he was working for the CIA, feeding misinformation to the Russians. Jurors convicted Lee of espionage, nonetheless, and a choose gave him a life time period.
Boyce’s protection: Lee had blackmailed him into espionage by threatening to show a letter he had written, whereas stoned on cannabis, alleging secret information of CIA malfeasance. Jurors convicted Boyce as properly, and a choose gave him 40 years.
In January 1980, at a federal jail in Lompoc, Boyce hid in a drainpipe and sprinted to freedom over a fence. He was on the run for 19 months. He robbed banks within the Pacific Northwest till federal brokers caught him outdoors a burger joint in Washington state.
He was convicted of financial institution theft and obtained 28 extra years. In 1985, the identical 12 months a well-liked movie adaptation of “The Falcon and the Snowman” was launched, Boyce testified on Capitol Hill in regards to the despair attending a lifetime of espionage.
“There was no thrill,” he mentioned. “There was only depression, and a hopeless enslavement to an inhuman, uncaring foreign bureaucracy…. No American who has gone to the KGB has not come to regret it.”
He spoke of how simply he had been allowed to entry categorised materials at TRW. “Security was a joke,” he mentioned, describing common Bacardi-fueled events within the black vault. “We used the code destruction blender for making banana daiquiris and mai tais.”
Cait Mills was working as a paralegal in San Diego when she learn the Lindsey e-book and have become fascinated by the case. She thought Lee had been unfairly maligned, and she or he spent the subsequent 20 years preventing to win him parole.
She obtained letters of assist from the prosecutors and the sentencing choose testifying that Lee had made strides towards rehabilitation. He had taken lessons in jail and turn into a dental technician. He gained parole in 1998.
She turned her consideration to releasing Boyce, with whom she fell in love. She wrote to the Russians and requested how a lot worth there had been within the stolen TRW paperwork and obtained a fax claiming it was ineffective. He obtained out in 2002, they usually married. They later divorced however stay shut. Each reside in central Oregon.
Stilz maintains the harm to America was “enormous.”
“In a murder case, you have one victim and a person dies,” Stilz mentioned. “In an espionage case, the whole country is a victim. We were so far advanced over the Russians in spy satellite technology. They leveled the playing field. That’s probably the most important point.”
He offers no credence to the Russian authorities’s declare that it derived no worth from the key data. “Of course they’d say that,” Stilz mentioned. “What do you think they’d say? ‘Oh yeah, it allowed us to catch up with the United States in terms of spying.’ They’re not gonna say that.”
Cait Mills Boyce mentioned that Boyce and Lee, childhood finest buddies, now not communicate, and that the silence between them wounds Boyce.
“He said, ‘I love that man; I always loved him. He was my best friend.’ It hurt him so badly.”
She mentioned Boyce, now in his 70s, lives a solitary life and immerses himself on the planet of falconry. “His entire life, and I kid you not, is falconry,” she mentioned. “He will die with a falcon on his arm.”
A part of what pushed him into the world of espionage, she thinks, was the problem. “I think his uncommon smarts led him down a whimsical path that ended up being a disastrous path, not just for him but for everybody involved,” she mentioned.
